Signal mining and analysis of adverse drug events for tolvaptan based on FAERS database / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To mine the signals of adverse dr ug events （ADE）for tolvaptan based on FAERS database ，and to provide reference for safe use of drugs in clinic. METHODS The data of tolvaptan-induced ADE were collected from FAERS database during the first quarter of 2004 to the third quarter of 2020；the reporting odds ratio （ROR）method and the proportional reporting ratio （PRR）method of disproportional method were used for data mining. RESULTS A total of 4 744 ADE reports of the target drug tolvaptan were extracted ，involving 1 279 ADEs. The reporting countries were mainly the United States and Japan ，etc. A total of 199 ADE signals were obtained ，involving 21 system organ classes （SOCs），which mainly focused on various examinations（n＝56），hepatobiliary disorders （n＝17），renal and urinary disorders （n＝14），etc. Among them ，80 signals were not mentioned in existing instructions for tolvaptan in China ，such as decreased glomerular filtration rate ，positional vertigo ， rupture of renal cyst ，renal cyst infection ，pulmonary malignant tumor. CONCLUSIONS Before using tolvaptan ，drug evaluation should be performed well ，especially the patients with basic diseases such as heart failure ，liver insufficiency and renal insufficiency. During treatment ，the indexes of liver function and renal function should be closely monitored ；timely intervention measures should be taken to avoid related injury and disease deterioration caused by ADE when ADE or disease progression occurs.

Dosimetric study of 125I seed implantation guided by 4D template for advanced malignant tumors / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To investigate the safety and dose of 4D template (real-time adjustable angle template) in the treatment of advanced malignant tumors with 125I seeds. Methods:98 patients with advanced malignant tumors admitted to Department of Thoracic Surgery of Shaanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital were treated with 4D template-navigated radioactive 125I seed implantation from June 2018 to December 2019. Preoperative TPS plan, intraoperative optimization, postoperative verification of immediate dose and postoperative evaluation of implantation dose were performed. The treatment results were observed. Results:All 98 patients completed the seed implantation. The implantation dose of GTV of implantation site receiving external irradiation was (12 489±414) cGy and the dose of no external irradiation was (15 036±514) cGy. V 100% was 84.7%-94.1%, and 88.2%-93.7%. The implantation dose of CTV was (7 450±621) cGy, and (9 080±761) cGy. The quality of dose implantation was evaluated as: excellent in 89 cases (91%, 89/98), good in 7 cases (7%, 7/98), fair in 2 cases (2%, 2/98), and poor in 0 case, respectively. The symptom relief rate of patients with pain was 92%(36/39). The 1-and 2-year local control rates were 61%, 36% and 82%, 54% in patients treated with and without external irradiation, respectively. The difference was statistically significant ( P=0.02). The incidence rates of pneumothorax and hemoptysis were 19%(9/48) and 10%(5/48). No corresponding complications were observed in other parts of the patients. Conclusion:4D template-assisted 125I seed therapy is safe and effective for malignant tumors, and intraoperative adjustment of needle angle and dose optimization can realize the precise control of implantation dose.

Endotoxin and intestinal microflora in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective To study the changes of endotoxin in blood,Escherichia coli,lactobacillus,bifidobacterium,enterococci in feces of HCC patients.Methods Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the difference between HCC group and normal group in the expression in bifidobacterium,lactobacillus,enterococcus and Escherichia coli,and the difference of endotoxin level.Results The expression levels of Escherichia coli and enterococcus in HCC group were significantly higher than those in normal control group (P＜ 0.05).Bifidobacterium and lactobacillus in primary liver cancer group significantly decreased compared with the normal group (P ＜ 0.05).The serum endotoxin level in HCC group was significantly higher than that in normal control group (P ＜ 0.05).Bifidobacterium and lactobacillus increased in HCC group.Enterococcus and escherichia coli decreased in HCC group.There was a significant positive correlation between endotoxin content and tumor number and tumor diameter in HCC patients.Conclusion Bifidobacterium,lactobacillus decreased,enterococcus and Escherichia coli increased in HCC patients.These changes along with the increase of endotoxin may relate to the development of HCC.

The effect of hierarchical executive function training on stroke survivors' executive dysfunction during recovery / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To explore the effect of hierarchical executive function training on executive dysfunction among stroke survivors.Methods Thirty-six recovering stroke survivors with executive dysfunction were randomly divided into an experimental group (n=18) and a control group (n=18).Both groups received routine rehabilitation training and medication for three weeks,but the experimental group also received working memory training,inhibitory control training,set shifting training,and central executive function training.Before and after the training,everyone's cognitive functioning was screened using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA),and executive functioning was evaluated using the digit span test (DST),the color trail test (CTT),the complex fluency test and the simple fluency test.Results Before the training there were no significant differences in clinical indicators between the two groups.After the treatment,the average MoCA,DST,CTT complex fluency test and simple fluency test scores of the experimental group had all improved significantly,but no significant improvement in any of the measurements was observed in the control group except for a significant improvement in their average MoCA score.Conclusion Hierarchical executive function training can improve the sub-components of executive function among recovering stroke survivors,including working memory,set shifting and fluency.

The effect of hierarchical executive function training on stroke survivors' executive dysfunction during recovery / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To explore the effect of hierarchical executive function training on executive dysfunction among stroke survivors.Methods Thirty-six recovering stroke survivors with executive dysfunction were randomly divided into an experimental group (n=18) and a control group (n=18).Both groups received routine rehabilitation training and medication for three weeks,but the experimental group also received working memory training,inhibitory control training,set shifting training,and central executive function training.Before and after the training,everyone's cognitive functioning was screened using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA),and executive functioning was evaluated using the digit span test (DST),the color trail test (CTT),the complex fluency test and the simple fluency test.Results Before the training there were no significant differences in clinical indicators between the two groups.After the treatment,the average MoCA,DST,CTT complex fluency test and simple fluency test scores of the experimental group had all improved significantly,but no significant improvement in any of the measurements was observed in the control group except for a significant improvement in their average MoCA score.Conclusion Hierarchical executive function training can improve the sub-components of executive function among recovering stroke survivors,including working memory,set shifting and fluency.

Clinical significance of HER-2 protien overexpression and HER-2 gene dysregulation in non-small cell lung cancer / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To investigate the dysregulation of HER-2 protein and gene in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to identify the association between clinicopathological features,prognosis and HER-2 aberrations amongst protein and gene. Methods 140 NSCLC tissues (89 squamous cell carcinoma, 51 adenocarcinoma) with operative section and detailed case were taken from pathology department of Shanxi Cancer Hospital from Jan 2006 to Feb 2007, while 70 normal tissues were set as control group. Immunohistochemistry was applied to detect the state of HER-2 protein expression,and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was applied to test the status of gene amplification. Results In normal and NSCLC tissues, over-expression of HER-2 was detected in 0 case and 17 (12.14 %) cases (P 0.05). There was no significantly difference in survival between patients with and without HER-2 protein over-expression and HER-2 gene dysregulation (P > 0.05). HER-2 protein over-expression was associated with HER-2 gene amplification (P > 0.05), while no relationship between HER-2 protein overexpression and HER-2 gene multicopy (P < 0.01). Conclusions The over-expression of HER-2 is related to pathological type of NSCLC with more frequent expression in adenocarcinoma. The incidence rate of HER-2 gene amplification in patients with adenocarcinoma histology, never-smokers, and young age is high. The HER-2 protein over-expression and gene dysregulation show no relation with the prognosis of NSCLC.

The evolving new concepts of the 2016 WHO lymphoma classification and their applications / 白血病·淋巴瘤

There have been many changes of the lymphoma classifications from early times till the 2016 WHO classifications. The 2016 WHO lymphoma classification aims to provide updated diagnostic categories, more precise diagnostic criteria, and biological and clinic correlates, which can facilitate state-of-the-art patient care, future therapeutic advances and basic research in this field.

Relationship between vasculogenic mimicry and clinic pathological features in laryngeal carcinoma / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the presence of vasculogenic mimicry in laryngeal squamous cell carcino- ma and explore its clinical significance.@*METHOD@#The presence of vasculogenic mimicry and expression of endotheli- um-dependent vessel in 138 laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas cases were detected by the immunohistochemistry and tissue microarray. Metlab software was used to evaluate the relationship among vasculogenic mimicry, mi- crovessel density and clinic pathological parameters in laryngeal carcinoma.@*RESULT@#We found vasculogenic mimicry in 32 (26.23%) of 122 laryngeal carcinoma samples. The mean of microvessel density is 12.61 per high-power field. The vasculogenic mimicry and expression of endothelium-dependent vessel were not significantly related to patient age or gender, tumor location, pathology grade, T stage or N stage (P > 0.05). However, the vasculo- genic mimicry and the mean of microvessel density were a little higher in patients older than 60, with poorly differ- entiated and patients with N₁₋₃ stage. Vasculogenic mimicry was positively correlatedwith microvessel density (r = 0.1927, P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Vasculogenic mimicry can occur in laryngeal carcinoma. Moreover, vasculogenic mimicry may be associated with recurrence and metastasis in laryngeal carcinoma.

Expression of CD68, cyclin D1 and rearrangement of bcl-6 gene are adverse prognostic factors in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study expression of CD68, cyclin D1 protein and rearrangement of bcl-6 gene impact on the prognosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Gets paraffin samples of the 105 cases DLBCL with the detailed follow-up information, and were studied by using immunohistochemical EnVision method for CD3, CD10, CD20, CD68, cyclin D1, bcl-6, MUM 1, SOX-11 immunolabeling. The DLBCL were classified into germinal center B cell-like (GCB) subtypes and non-germinal center B cell-like (non-GCB) subtypes according to Hans'algorithm. Application of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique to detect the bcl-6 gene rearrangement. The relationship between CD68, cyclin D1 protein, the bcl-6 gene and the curative effect of chemotherapy and survival was analyzed using statistical software. Respectively by GCB type, non-GCB type immune phenotype and CHOP, R-CHOP chemotherapy group, compare the curative effects.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>105 patients had GCB 19 cases (18.1%), non-GCB 86 cases (81.9%), CD68 expression was 18 cases (17.1%), cyclin D1 high expression 36 cases (34.3%), bcl-6 gene rearrangement in 21 cases (21.9%), there is no correlation among the three (P > 0.05). One-way analysis of variance showed that age ≤ 60 years, clinical stage I-II, IPI score 0 to 2 points, LDH (U/L) < 245 IU/L,GCB subtypes, R-CHOP therapy, the prognosis of patients with better (P < 0.05), But gender, primary site no correlation with prognosis (P > 0.05). CD68, cyclin D1 high expression, bcl-6 rearrangement had poor prognosis (P < 0.05). Stratification analysis results show GCB-type or non-GCB type with high expression of CD68 contrast alloimmune phenotype groups had a poor prognosis, non-GCB type with high expression of cyclin D1 and rearrangement of bcl-6 gene had a poor prognosis (P < 0.001, P = 0.02). Treatment scheme of layered display, the CHOP treatment, significantly correlated with overall survival with high expression of CD68, cyclin D1 (P < 0.05), the R-CHOP treatment, there was no statistically significant difference between CD68, cyclin D1 high expression and overall survival (P = 0.428 and 0.168). Multivariate COX model analysis showed that high expression of CD68 (P = 0.026), high expression of cyclin D1 (P = 0.003) and high levels of LDH (P = 0.005) were adverse prognostic factors independent.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>high expression of CD68, cyclin D1 and rearrangement of bcl-6 gene suggests poor prognosis, CD68, cyclin D1 protein and bcl-6 gene can be used as a prognostic indicator in patients with DLBCL.</p>

Significance of C-myc expression in T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia and its relation with prognosis / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the C-myc gene and protein in T lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia (T-LBL/ALL) and its relationship to prognosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>60 cases of T-LBL/ALL with follow-up data were studied by using immunohistochemical EnVision method for CD1a, CD3, εCD3, CD7, CD10, CD34, CD43, CD45RO, CD99, TDT, CD20, CD23, MPO, Ki-67 and C-myc. 20 cases of reactive lymph nodes were selected as normal control group of C-myc gene and protein. Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) for C-myc gene (located on chromosome8q24) was performed to detect its breakage and gain.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 60 cases of T-LBL/ALL, immunohistochemistry results showed:the percentages of tumor cells expression of CD1a, CD3, εCD3, CD7, CD10, CD34, CD43, CD45RO, CD99 and TDT were 38.3% (23/60), 75.0% (45/60), 45.0% (27/60), 95.0% (57/60), 36.7% (22/60), 23.3% (14/60), 60.0% (36/60), 41.7% (25/60), 96.7% (58/60) and 93.3% (56/60). Separately, while CD20, CD23 and MPO were all negative. A figure of Ki-67 expression ≤ 80% was found in 36 cases and > 80% was found in 24 cases. The positive rate of C-myc protein was 66.7% (40/60) in 60 cases of T-LBL/ALL, was 0% (0/20) in 20 cases of reactivated lymphoid tissue (χ² = 26.67, P < 0.05). C-myc protein expression was positively correlated with the mediatinal width and Ki-67 index (P < 0.05). Fluorescence in-situ hybridization results showed that among the 60 cases of T-LBL/ALL, C-myc gene with breakage of 8q24 was detected in 6 cases (10.0%), and gains in 11 cases (18.3%). 20 cases of reactive lymph nodes were not occurred breakage and gains of C-myc gene. It is not significant between C-myc gene and protein expression (P > 0.05). In addition, in 60 cases of T-LBL/ALL, 12(20.0%) cases of C-myc protein and genetic abnormalities coexist. Log-rank analysis results: The prognosis of C-myc protein positive group was worse than negative group (P < 0.05). The relationship of C-myc gene and prognosis was not significant (P > 0.05). C-myc protein and genetic abnormality coexist is related with worse prognosis (P < 0.05). COX analysis results show that the C-myc protein positive group may be a independent poor prognosis factors (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>C-myc may play an important role on the development of T-LBL/ALL. It may be a independent prognosis factors.</p>

Expression of c-myc in anaplastic large cell lymphoma and its significance / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective To investigate the protein expression and genetic alterations of c-myc in primary systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) and discuss its relationship with clinicopathologic features and immunophenotypes.Methods 87 cases of ALCL were selected.Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the protein expression of c-myc,ALK,CD3,CD10,CD20,CD30 and EMA.c-myc and ALK genetic alterations were detected by using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FlSH).The interrelationships between protein expression,genetic alterations and clinicopathological parameters were analysed statistically.Results Immunohistochemical results:of 87 cases,ALK protein was expressed in 54 cases (62.1％).c-myc protein was expressed in 27 cases (31.0 ％).ALK and c-myc were co-expressed in 20 cases (23.0 ％).c-myc protein expression,ALK and c-myc co-expression increased with the upgrade of ALCL clinical stages,and the expression was higher in International Prognostic Index (IPI) high-risk groups than in low-risk groups (P ＜ 0.05).FISH test results:of 87 ALCL cases,there were 50 cases (57.5 ％) of ALK rearrangements and 19 cases (21.8 ％) of ALK aneuploidy.c-myc rearrangement was detected in none of 87 ALCL cases,but there was aneuploidy in 19 cases (21.8 ％).The differences of c-myc aneuploidy in ALK positive and negative groups were statistically insignificant (P ＞ 0.05),while they were statistically significant in c-myc groups (P ＜ 0.05) and in different IPI groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion c-myc protein expression and aneuploidy were related with ALCL clinical stages and IPI,which could be used as an indicator of estimating ALCL malignant degree and predicting prognosis.

The relationship between expression of Her-2 and human papillomavirus and clinicopathological features in esophageal and stomach multiple primary cancers / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To analyze the relationship between expression of Her-2 protein and the infection of human papillomavirus (HPV) and clinicopathological features in upper gastrointestinal multiple primary cancers, and to explore the relationship between the different histological malignancies in a single-system. Methods 39 patients were primary esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric/cardia adenocarcinoma. By using immunohistochemistry (IHC) methods, the expression of Her-2 protein in 39 cases of multiple primary cancers specimens were examined, and by using insitu hybridization (ISH) technology, the infection of HPV in the same ones were detected. Results The over-expression of Her-2 protein in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was not significantly relative to the degree of differentiation, the depth of penetration, the lymph node metastasis and the patientsˊage and gender (P> 0.05). The over-expression of Her-2 protein in gastric adenocarcinoma was closely correlated to the invasion depth and lymph node metastasis (P 0.05). The infection of HPV in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric adenocarcinoma was not significantly relative to the degree of differentiation, the depth of penetration,the lymph node metastasis, and the age and gender of the patients (P> 0.05). In the upper gastrointestinal multiple primary cancers, the Her-2 protein over-expression had the consistency (κ= 0.56, P< 0.05). Meanwhile, the HPV-DNA expression also had the consistency (κ=0.80, P<0.05). Conclusion Both Her-2 protein and HPV expression show the consistency in upper gastrointestinal multiple primary cancers,which suggests that Her-2 protein and HPV may be the common oncogenic factors for both esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric adenocarcinoma.

Clinical and pathological study on retroperitoneal angiomyolipoma / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To analyze the clinical and pathological features,diagnosis and differential diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of retroperitoneal angiomyolipoma (RAML).Methods The clinical data of 3 cases diagnosed with RAML,during 2012 to 2014 were studied.The expression of AE1/AE3,Vimentin,HMB45,Melan-A,S-100,SMA,CD10,CD34 and Ki-67 were detected by full automatic immunohistochemistry instrument.Four cases were followed up,the relevant published articles were reviewed as well.Results Four patients contained 3 female and 1 male.Three patients of them were found because of abdominal pain and discomfort symptom,1 case was found on examination.All of them more than 10 cm,and the boundary was not clear.Tumor resection + nephrectomy were used for treatment.Macroscopically,the tumor were consisted of fat,muscle cells and thick walled blood vessels.But they had different proportion.Immunohistochemically:AE1/AE3 negative; Vimentin,HMB45,Melan-A,SMA were positive; S-100 was positive in 3 cases and negative in 1 case; Ki-67 proliferation index were ＜5％.Conclusions The RAML is a rare benign retroperitoneal stromal tumor,which has a complex and diverse pathological organizations.The diagnosis can be made by special immune phenotype in combination with microscopic appearance.

Expression and significance of bcl-2 protein in esophageal squamous cell cancer and the surrounding tissues / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To study the expression and significance of bcl-2 protein in esophageal squamous cell cancer and the surrounding tissues.Methods EnVision method was used to analyze the expression of bcl-2 protein in tissues of esophageal squamous cell cancer and the surrounding tissues from 62 patients.Results Expressions rates of bcl-2 protein were 80.3 ％ (49/61),45.9 ％ (28/61) and 67.7 ％ (20/62) in simple hyperplasia,high grade intraepithelial neoplasia and squamous cell carcinoma tissues,respectively,but 3.3 ％ (1/30) in normal mucosa tissue.There were significant differences between normal esophageal mucosa group and other groups (x2 =54.437,P ＜ 0.01).The expression of bcl-2 had no differentiation in tissue differentiation grade and degree of invasion of carcinoma (x2 =0.219,x2 =5.878,P ＞ 0.05).But it had significant relationship between the expression of bcl-2 and lymph node metastasis (x2 =4.120,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion bcl-2 may predicting the occurrence of esophageal squamous cell cancer in early stage,and may be regarded as an useful index for prognosis.

Expression and clinical significance of HPV16/18, p16, Her-2 in squamous cell cervical carcinoma / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To study the expression of HPV、p16 and Her-2 in the squamous cell cervical carcinoma and its chnical significance. Methods Expression of HPV16/18、p16, and C-erbB-2 and the amplification of Her-2 gene were examined using situ hybridization technique,SP immunohistochemistry,and FISH imaging analysis system in 60 cases of cervical cancer, 61 cases of CIN, and 21 cases of normal cervical tissue,respectively.Results The positive rates of HPV16/18 and p16 in the normal tissue,CIN Ⅰ -Ⅱ,CINⅢ and the squamous cell cervical carcinoma were gradually increased, they wereo (0/21),9.68 ％ (3/31),46.67 ％ (14/30),71.67 ％ (43/60);0 (0/21),19.35 ％ (6/31),93.33 ％ (28/30),96.67 ％ (58/60),respectively,and there were significant differences among the groups (P＜0.05),but no significant difference was found between the normal tissue and the CIN Ⅰ - Ⅱ. The positive rates of Her-2 and Her-2 in the CIN Ⅲ and the carcinoma were 13.33 ％ (4/30),31.67 ％ (19/60),3.33 ％ (1/30),21.67 ％ (13/60),respectively,but in the normal group and the CIN Ⅰ - Ⅱ wereo,and the differences between the carcinoma group and the CIN group,the carcinoma group and the normal group were significant(P＜0.05).The expression of Her-2 and the amplification of Her-2 were closely related to the stage, degree of differentiation and metastasis of lymph node in the squamous cell cervical carcinoma (P＜0.05). Conclusion The infection of HPV is one of thetriggers for the squamous cell cervical carcinoma.The expression of p16 and the amplification of Her-2 may be closely correlated with tumor development and high expression of p16 and Her-2 indicates poor prognosis.

Expression and significance of EGFR, Her-2 and TOPO Ⅱ in esophageal canceration course / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To investigate the expression of EGFR, Her-2 and TOPO Ⅱ in esophageal canceration course, analyze the correlation between the expression and clinical pathological parameters and the correlation of the three genes. Methods EGFR, Her-2 and TOPO Ⅱ were detected by Tissue microarray technology and Envision immunohistochemistry method in 107 cases of esophageal carcinoma, including normal esophageal epithelium, esophageal intraepithelial neoplasia and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Results The positive expression rates of EGFR and TOPO Ⅱ display an improving trend from normal esophageal epithelium, intraepithelial neoplasia to carcinoma (P =0.031) in the above four groups. The positive expression rates of EGFR were 8.41 %, 7.94 %, 27.27 %, 50.47 %, and TOPO Ⅱ were 3.74 %, 4.76 %, 20.45 %, 43.93 %. Furthermore, the expression showed gradually incresing with histological grades advance (P =0.009). There was no correlation between EGFR or TOPO Ⅱ and gender, age, lymph node or distant metastasis (P >0.05). There was a positive correlation between EGFR and TOPO Ⅱ (r 1=0.410, P 0.05), no correlation was obtained between Her-2 and gender, age, the depth of invasion or lymph node metastasis (P >0.05), no relationship between Her-2 and EGFR or TOPO Ⅱ either. Conclusion EGFR and TOPO Ⅱ are closely related to the occurrence and development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, their expressions all make a qualitative change in the esophageal high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. The role of Her-2 in the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is still not definite in Shanxi province.

Expression and significance of CDK4,p18,p19 in canceration of esophageal epithelium / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To investigate the role of cell cycle regulatory protein CDK4,p18,p19 in the genesis and development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).Methods Tissue microarray and immunohistochemical method (Envision) were used to detect the protein expression of CDK4,p18,p19 in 120 cases of esophageal tissues.The results were statistically analyzed.Results The positive rate of CDK4 protein expression in normal esophageal epithelium was low [28.3 % (34/120)],it increased in esophageal intraepithelial neoplasia [32.5 % (39/120)],and it was high in esophageal SCC [84.2 % (101/120)],which increased with the degree of SCC differentiation decreasing gradually.There was significant differences between the SCC and normal esophageal epithelium or esophageal intraepithelial neoplasia (x2= 76.004,P ＜0.05; x 2= 65.897,P ＜ 0.05).The expression of CDK4 in group with lymphatic metastasis [93.88 % (46/49)]was higher than without it [71.43 % (55/71)] (x2= 5.860,P ＜ 0.05).The positive rates of p18,p19 protein expression in normal esophageal epithelium were high [34.2 % (41/120),29.2 % (35/120)],it decreased in esophageal intraepithelial neoplasia [19.2 % (23/120),15.0 % (1 8/120)] (x 2= 134.481,P ＜ 0.05; x 2 = 141.376,P ＜ 0.05),but it were high in esophageal SCC [63.3 % (76/120) and 61.7 % (74/120)] which decreased with the degree of SCC differentiation gradually increased.There were significant differences between the normal esophageal epithelium and esophageal intraepithelial neoplasia,esophegeal intraepithelial neoplasia and SCC,normal esophageal epithelium and SCC (p 18:x 2 = 6.903,48.296,20.429,P ＜ 0.05; p1 9:x2 = 6.998,55.276,25.565,P＜ 0.05).CDK4 protein expression was correlated with both p18 and p19 (r =0.696,0.630,P ＜0.05),and there was significant positive correlation between the protein expression of p18 and p19 (r =0.833,P ＜0.05).Conclusion Cell cycle regulatory gene CDK4,p18,p19 get involved in the genesis and development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Their protein expressions are closely related to canceration of esophageal epithelium.

Significance of Choi's and Hans's classification of DLBCL in the clinical prognosis / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective To detect the correlation of immunophenotyping of DLBCL with Choi's and Han' s classification to the prognos is. Methods Ninty-nine cases of DLBCL were studied using immunohistochemistry EnVision method for bcl-6, CD10, FOXP1, GCET1, MUM1 in Shanxi cancer hospital. The follow-up was included. All cases they were classified according to Hans' s and Choi' s algorithm. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for bcl-6 gene expression (located on chromosome 3q27) was performed on paraffin-embedded tissues of 35 cases. Results In Hans classification, 21 cases were GCB and 78 were nonGCB subtype. In Choi's classification, 23 cases were GCB and 76 cases were nonGCB subtype. According to the both classification, the prognosis in GCB group was much better than that in nonGCB's (P = 0.000). The expression of FOXP1 was inverse proportion to the prognosis (P =0.011), on the contrary GCET1 expression was in proportion to the prognosis (P =0.027). Among all of 35 DLBCL cases, bcl-6 rearrangement was more frequently encountered in the nonGCB type, bcl-6 gene rearrangement was no correlated to bcl-6 protein expression. Conclusion On the basis of classification, GCB group had a better clinical outcome than that of nonGCB group. FOXP1, GCET1, bcl-6 protein expression is associated with different outcome in DLBCL. Both of Choi's and Hans's algorithm play an important role in the immunophenotyping and prognosis.

Expression of p16, cyclinD1 protein and clinicopathological significance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To investigate the expressions of p16, cyclinD1 protein in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its clinic significance. Methods The expressions of p16 and cyclinD1 protein in 55 esophageal carcinoma cases were detected by immunohistochemical technique. Results The positive expression of p16 protein in 55 patients was 49.1%(27/55). The loss of p16 protein was significantly related to lymph node metastasis (P ＜0.05), and the positive expression of p16 had the higher five-year survival rate.Conversely, the positive expression of cyclinD1 in 55 patients was 74.5 % (41/55), and had the lower five-year survival rate compared to the negative expression cases. Conclusion Loss of p16 protein in human ESCC is a frequent event and correlates significantly with the lymph node metastasis. The loss of p16 and the over expression of cyclinD 1 in esophageal carcinoma may serve as a risk prognosis factors.

Expression of VEGF -C and p63 in early esophageal carcinoma and intraepithelial neoplasia / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To explore expression and clinical value of VEGF-C and p63 in early esophageal carcinoma and intraepithelial neoplasia. Methods 146 cases were randomized into normal esophageal mucosa, low level intraepithelial tumor, high level intraepithelial tumor and early esophageal carcinoma. The expression of VEGF-C and p63 were detected by using the immunohistochemistry dyeing.Results The expression of VEGF-C immunohistochemistry dyeing had statistical differences among different levels(X~2= 47.455, P <0.001). Normal esophageal mucosa v.s. high level intraepithelial tumor (X~2=36.721, P <0.001), Normal esophageal mucosa v.s. early esophageal carcinoma (X~2=26.483, P <0.001), low level intraepithelial tumor v.s. high level intraepithelial tumor(X~2= 10.025, P<0.0083), low level intraepithelial tumor v.s. early esophageal carcinoma(X~2=16.734, P<0.001). There was a significant correlation between pathological classification and the expression amount of VEGF-C (r = 0.462, P <0.001). The expression of p63 had statistical differences among different levels(X~2=28.962, P <0.05). There was a significant difference on normal esophageal mucosa comparing with low level, high level intraepithelial tumor or early esophageal carcinoma (X~2=12.735, P =0.005, X~2=20.421, P<0.001, X~2=20.854, P<0.001). There was a significant correlation between pathological classification and the expression of p63 (r= 0.272, P<0.05). Conclusion There is a significant correlation in the express of either VEGF-C or p63 comparing with either intraepithelial tumor or early esophageal carcinoma. It may be an early warning indicator.